What affects the electroless nickel plating process

I have a certain understanding of the knowledge of electroless nickel plating. In order to better understand and use it, the following editor will introduce the elements that affect the electroless nickel plating process. Interested friends can read the following articles:

1. Temperature, increasing the temperature of the plating solution, the speed of nickel plating is accelerated, but the stability of the plating solution is reduced, and the service life is shortened. At the same time, the volatilization speed of ammonia is accelerated, which is more irritating to operation, and the pH value of the plating solution drops rapidly, which needs to be adjusted frequently. .

2. Concentration, under the condition that the pH value of the alkaline nickel plating solution is relatively stable, the electroless nickel plating speed has nothing to do with the nickel ion concentration at all, but mainly depends on the concentration of hypophosphite. When the hypophosphite increases exponentially , the nickel plating speed has also increased exponentially.

3. The pH value and the nickel plating speed increase with the progress of the pH value, but the pH should not be too high, otherwise the stability of the plating solution will be reduced.

4. The load is similar to that of electroless copper plating. If the load is too large, the nickel plating speed will decrease rapidly. If the load is too low, the nickel plating speed will be too fast, and the stability of the nickel plating solution will decrease.